Comsol Ac Dc Module Manual
Modeling Capacitors, Inductors, Insulators, Coils, Motors, and Sensors The AC/DC Module is used for simulating electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields in static and low-frequency applications. Typical applications include capacitors, inductors, insulators, coils, motors, actuators, and sensors, with dedicated tools for extracting parameters such as resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, force, and torque. Materials and constitutive relations are defined in terms of permittivity, permeability, conductivity, and remanent fields. Material properties are allowed to be spatially varying, time-dependent, anisotropic, and have losses. Both electric and magnetic media can include nonlinearities, such as B- H curves, or even be described by implicitly given equations. Boundary Conditions and Infinite Elements The AC/DC Module grants you access to a set of essential boundary conditions such as electric and magnetic potential, electric and magnetic insulation, zero charge, and field and current values as well.
AC/DC Module User’s Guide and the AC/DC Module Model Library, and this. All COMSOL manuals use a set of consistent typographical conventions that should. Visit www.comsol.com/contact for a searchable list of all COMSOL offices and local. COMSOL Multiphysics User’s Guide. The COMSOL Modules 37 AC/DC Module.
In addition, a range of advanced boundary conditions are included, such as terminal conditions for connection with SPICE circuits, floating potentials, conditions for symmetry and periodicity, surface impedance, surface currents, distributed resistance, capacitance, impedance, and contact resistance. For modeling unbounded or large modeling domains, infinite elements are available for both electric and magnetic fields. When an infinite element layer is added to the outside of a finite-sized modeling domain, the field equations are automatically scaled. This makes it possible to represent an infinite region with a finite-sized model and avoids artificial truncation effects from the model boundaries. For electrostatics and magnetostatics modeling, the boundary element method is available as an alternative method of modeling large or infinite regions.
MAGNETIC PROSPECTING: Underground iron ore deposits result in magnetic anomalies. This model computes the disturbances in the background magnetic field of the earth due to the presence of an ore deposit. The Reduced Field formulation solves for small perturbations in the background field. Combine Circuits and Layouts with 2D and 3D Simulations When considering your electrical components as part of a larger system, the AC/DC Module provides an interface with SPICE circuit lists where you choose circuit elements for further modeling. More complex system models can be exploited using circuit-based modeling while maintaining links to full field models for key devices in the circuit, allowing for design innovation and optimization on both levels. Electronic layouts can be brought in for analysis with the AC/DC Module via the. Simulation of such layouts is not limited to electromagnetics.
Connect with CAD, MATLAB ®, and Excel ® In order to make it easy for you to analyze electromagnetic properties of mechanical CAD models, COMSOL offers the ECAD Import Module, the, and LiveLink™ products for leading CAD systems as part of our product suite. The LiveLink products make it possible to keep the parametric CAD model intact in its native environment but still control the geometric dimensions from within COMSOL Multiphysics ®, as well as produce simultaneous parametric sweeps over several model parameters. For repetitive modeling tasks, for allow you to drive COMSOL ® simulations with MATLAB ® scripts or functions.
Any operation available in the COMSOL Desktop ® can alternatively be accessed through MATLAB commands. You can also blend COMSOL commands in the MATLAB environment with your existing MATLAB code. For electromagnetic simulations operated from spreadsheets, offers a convenient alternative to modeling from the COMSOL Desktop with synchronization of spreadsheet data with parameters defined in the COMSOL environment. Nonlinear Magnetic Materials Database A database of 165 ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials is included in the AC/DC Module. The database contains BH-curves and HB-curves enabling the material properties to be used in the magnetic fields formulations.
The curve data is densely sampled, and has been processed to eliminate hysteresis effects. Outside of the range of experimental data, linear extrapolation is used for maximal numerical stability. Take Multiphysics into Consideration in Your Designs Although devices may be principally characterized by electromagnetics, they are also influenced by other types of physics.
Thermal effects, for instance, can change a material’s electrical properties, while electromechanical deflections and vibrations in generators need to be fully understood during any design process. The AC/DC Module, being comprehensively integrated in the COMSOL environment, allows for a wide range of physical effects to influence the virtual model. Electromagnetic Shells For very thin structures, the AC/DC Module provides a range of specialized formulations for efficient electromagnetic simulations where the thickness of the structures does not need to be represented as a physical thickness in the geometry model but can instead be represented with a shell. Such thin shell formulations are available for direct currents, electrostatics, magnetostatics, and induction simulations, and is particularly important for electromagnetic shielding within electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference (EMI) applications. Consistent Workflow for Electromagnetics Modeling The module's straightforward workflow is described by the following steps: define the geometry, select materials, select a suitable AC/DC interface, define boundary and initial conditions, automatically create the mesh, solve, and visualize the results. All these steps are accessed from the COMSOL Desktop ®.
AC/DC Module simulations can be connected with every COMSOL product in just about any way imaginable by a suite of preset multiphysics couplings or via user-defined couplings. A typical preset coupling is one between the AC/DC Module and the Particle Tracing Module where electric or magnetic fields affect charged particles that can be assigned to either have mass or be massless. The Optimization Module can be combined with the AC/DC Module for optimization with respect to voltage and current excitation, material properties, geometric dimensions, and more. Flexible and Robust The AC/DC Module includes stationary and dynamic electric and magnetic fields, both in 2D and 3D.
Under the hood, the AC/DC Module formulates and solves Maxwell’s equations together with material properties and boundary conditions. The equations are solved using the finite element method with numerically stable edge element discretization, as well as the boundary element method, in concert with state-of-the-art solvers. The different formulations admit static, frequency-domain, and time-domain simulations. Results are presented in the graphics window through preset plots of electric and magnetic fields, currents and voltages, or as expressions of the physical quantities that you can define freely, as well as derived tabulated quantities. Magnets Improve Quality of High-Power Laser Beam Welding M. Gumenyuk, and M.
Rethmeier BAM Federal Institute For Materials Research and Testing Germany High-power laser beam welding uses a localized heat source to achieve narrow deep welds and high welding rates. Engineers run into some difficulties because the use of a localized heat source often results in the distortion of metal components; spattering and the ejection of droplets from the weld pool results in underfills, undercuts, craters.
Reduced-Weight Reaction Sphere Makes Way for Extra Satellite Payload Leopoldo Rossini, Emmanuel Onillon, & Olivier Chetelat CSEM SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland CSEM is a private applied research and development center specializing in micro-technology, system engineering, micro-electronics, and communications technologies. One of their latest projects is working on minimizing the weight of satellite attitude control systems as every gram of payload matters when launching a satellite into orbit (€15,000. Every business and every simulation need is different. In order to fully evaluate whether or not the COMSOL Multiphysics ® software will meet your requirements, you need to contact us. By talking to one of our sales representatives, you will get personalized recommendations and fully documented examples to help you get the most out of your evaluation and guide you to choose the best license option to suit your needs.
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COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.2 includes support for effective magnetic constitutive relations in the form of effective HB or BH curves. This functionality can be used to model nonlinear magnetic materials, such as saturable metals in a frequency domain study, by approximating them with an effective inhomogeneous linear material. You can use the formulation to compute the approximate (first-order harmonic) response of a nonlinear material subject to time-harmonic excitation, avoiding the computational cost of a full transient analysis.
The Effective Nonlinear Magnetic Curves Calculator application is a companion to the new Effective Nonlinear Constitutive Relations functionality. Magnetic-based interfaces in the AC/DC Module support the Effective HB/BH Curve material model that can be used to approximate the behavior of a nonlinear magnetic material in a frequency domain simulation without the additional computational cost of a full transient simulation. The Effective HB/BH Curve material model requires the effective Heff(B) or Beff(H) relations defined as interpolation functions.
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This utility app can be used to compute the interpolation data starting from the material’s H(B) or B(H) relations. The interpolation data for the H(B) or B(H) relations can be imported from a text file or entered in a table. The app will then compute the interpolation data for the Heff(B) or Beff(H) relations using two different energy methods.
The resulting effective material properties can be exported as a COMSOL Material Library file and further used in a model with the Magnetic Fields interface of the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The Magnetic Fields physics interface in the AC/DC Module, and the corresponding 2D interfaces in the core COMSOL Multiphysics software, can now use external material models implemented as user-defined dynamic libraries.
This increases the flexibility and the modeling capabilities of the physics interfaces. This functionality is built into the External Material feature and allows the user to define custom advanced material models, such as hysteresis models, state-dependent models, or even models using a different discretization scheme. Intended as a tool for early proof of concept in capacitive touchscreen device development, the Touchscreen Simulator app evaluates a simulated capacitance matrix as well as the electric field norm. The app computes the capacitance matrix of a touchscreen in the presence of a human finger phantom, where the position and orientation of the finger are controlled via input parameters. This includes electrode unit cell array size, the finger location, angle and touch level, the substrate and superstrate thicknesses and their material properties. Magnetic prospecting is a geological exploration method that is applicable to certain types of iron ore deposits, in particular those made up of magnetite and hematite. The method consists of measuring the magnetic anomalies (changes in the earth's magnetic field) due to the presence of magnetic ores.
The Magnetic Prospecting app simulates the effect of a deposit of magnetic ore on the earth's magnetic field and predicts the measured anomaly at specified measuring points on the surface. You can import heightmap images or digital elevation model (DEM) files to define the orography of the region as well as the geomagnetic field data for the specified location. The computation generates a plot of the magnetic field on the earth's surface as well as numerical data of the expected anomaly at specified measurement locations in the region. Induction heating is a method used to heat metals for forging and other applications. Compared with more traditional heating methods, such as gas or electric furnaces, induction heating delivers heating power directly to the piece in a more controlled way and allows for a faster processing time.
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The Induction Heating of a Steel Billet application can be used to design a simple induction heating system for a steel billet, consisting of one or more electromagnetic coils through which the billet is moved at a constant velocity. The coils are energized with alternating currents and induce eddy currents in the metallic billet, generating heat due to Joule heating. The billet cross section; the coil number, placement, and size; as well as the initial and ambient temperature and the individual coil currents can all be specified as inputs in the app. After the solution has been computed, the app plots the billet temperature and current density during the processing. Furthermore, it computes numerical data on the expected temperature ranges in the billet and the power balance of the system.